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Wayzata World Factbook 1996
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The World Factbook - 1996 Edition - Wayzata Technology (3079) (1996).iso
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terror
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al-fatah
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Al-Fatah
aka: Al-'Asifa.
Description
Headed by Yasser Arafat, Fatah joined the PLO in 1968 and won the leadership
role in 1969. Its commanders were expelled from Jordan following violent
confrontations with Jordanian forces during the period 1970-71, beginning
with Black September in 1970. The Israeli invasion of Lebanon in 1982 led
to the group's dispersal to several Middle Eastern countries, including
Tunisia, Yemen, Algeria, Iraq, and others. Maintains several military and
intelligence wings that have carried out terrorist attacks, including Force
17 and the Western Sector. Two of its leaders, Abu Jihad and Abu Iyad, were
assassinated in recent years.
Activities
In the 1960s and the 1970s, Fatah offered training to a wide range of
European, Middle Eastern, Asian, and African terrorist and insurgent groups.
Carried out numerous acts of international terrorism in western Europe and
the Middle East in the early-tomiddle 1970s. Arafat signed the Declaration
of Principles (DOP) with Israel in 1993 and renounced terrorism and
violence. There has been no authorized terrorist operation since that time.
Strength
6,000 to 8,000
Location/Area of Operation
Headquartered in Tunisis, with bases in Lebanon and other Middle Eastern
countries.
External Aid
Has had close political and financial ties to Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and
other moderate Gulf states. These relations were disrupted by the Gulf
crisis of 1990-91. Also had links to Jordan. Received weapons, explosives,
and training from the former USSR and the former Communist regimes of East
European states. China and North Korea have reportedly provided some
weapons.
SELECTED INCIDENT CHRONOLOGY
NOTE: MANY OF THE INCIDENTS RELATED BELOW WERE CARRIED OUT AND IN MANY CASES
CLAIMED BY COVERT FATAH SURROGATES, SUCH AS BLACK SEPTEMBER, FORCE 17, THE
HAWARI GROUP, ETC.
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MARCH, 1971:
A FIVE MAN FATAH TEAM DESTROYED FUEL TANKS AT THE OIL DOCK
FACILITIES IN ROTTERDAM.
JULY, 1971:
ATTACKED AN ALIA (ROYAL JORDANIAN AIRLINES) OFFICE IN ROME.
JULY, 1971:
ATTACKED AN ALIA PLANE AT CAIRO.
AUGUST, 1971:
HIJACKED AN ALIA FLIGHT TO ALGERIA.
SEPTEMBER, 1971:
ATTEMPTED HIJACKING OF AN ALIA FLIGHT FROM BEIRUT TO CAIRO.
NOVEMBER, 1971:
ASSASSINATED THE JORDANIAN PRIME MINISTER, WASFI EL-TAL, IN CAIRO.
CLAIMED BY BLACK SEPTEMBER.
DECEMBER, 1971:
ATTEMPTED ASSASSINATION OF THE JORDANIAN AMBASSADOR TO THE UNITED
KINGDOM IN LONDON.
FEBRUARY, 1972:
ASSASSINATED FIVE PALESTINIANS AND ONE JORDANIAN IN WEST GERMANY.
MARCH, 1972:
ATTEMPTED ATTACK AGAINST THE LONDON RESIDENCE OF JORDAN'S KING
HUSSEIN.
SEPTEMBER, 1972:
EIGHT BLACK SEPTEMBER TERRORISTS SEIZED THE DORMITORY OF ISRAELI
ATHLETES AT THE OLYMPIC VILLAGE IN MUNICH. WHEN THE INCIDENT WAS
EVENTUALLY RESOLVED, ELEVEN ISRAELI ATHLETES AND COACHES WERE DEAD,
A GERMAN POLICEMAN WAS DEAD, FIVE TERRORISTS HAD BEEN KILLED, AND
THREE CAPTURED. THE ARRESTED TERRORISTS WERE SUBSEQUENTLY RELEASED
BY THE GOVERNMENT OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY FOLLOWING A
LUFTHANSA HIJACKING IN OCTOBER, 1972.
SEPTEMBER, 1972:
SENT LETTER BOMBS FROM AMSTERDAM TO ISRAEL AND TO ISRAELI
EMBASSIES AND CONSULATES IN PARIS, GENEVA, MONTREAL, VIENNA,
OTTAWA, BRUSSELS, KINSHASA, BUENOS AIRES, AND WASHINGTON.
NOVEMBER, 1972:
ASSASSINATED A SYRIAN JOURNALIST IN FRANCE.
DECEMBER, 1972:
CAPTURED THE ISRAELI EMBASSY IN BANGKOK. TERRORISTS HELD SIX
EMPLOYEES HOSTAGE, BUT RELEASED THEM AFTER 19 HOURS.
JANUARY, 1973:
ATTACKED THE JEWISH AGENCY IN PARIS.
MARCH, 1973:
OCCUPIED THE SAUDI EMBASSY IN SUDAN. THREE WESTERN DIPLOMATS
INCLUDING THE AMERICAN AMBASSADOR, THE AMERICAN DEPUTY CHIEF OF
MISSION, AND THE BELGIAN CHARGE, WERE MURDERED.
SEPTEMBER, 1973:
ATTEMPTED MISSILE ATTACK AGAINST AN EL AL AIRCRAFT IN ROME.
SEPTEMBER, 1975:
SEIZED AND OCCUPIED THE EGYPTIAN EMBASSY IN MADRID. THE TERRORISTS
TOOK SIX DIPLOMATS HOSTAGE WHOM THEY THREATENED TO KILL UNLESS
EGYPT WITHDREW FROM PEACE TALKS IN GENEVA AND CONDEMNED INTERIM
AGREEMENTS WITH ISRAEL. THE TERRORISTS TOOK THEIR HOSTAGES TO
ALGIERS, WHERE THEY WERE RELEASED.
JULY, 1978:
ATTEMPTED ASSASSINATION OF THE IRAQI AMBASSADOR TO THE UNITED
KINGDOM.
AUGUST, 1978:
ATTEMPTED ASSASSINATION OF THE IRAQI CONSUL IN KARACHI.
APRIL, 1985:
THE COASTAL FREIGHTER "ATAVARIUS" WAS INTERCEPETED AND SUNK WHILE
ATTEMPTING TO INFILTRATE A FATAH RAIDING PARTY INTO ISRAEL.
TWENTY RAIDERS WERE KILLED AND EIGHT WERE CAPTURED.
SEPTEMBER, 1985:
FORCE 17 OPERATIVES SEIZED A PRIVATE PLEASURE BOAT IN LARNACA,
CYPRUS, TOOK THREE ISRAELIS ON BOARD HOSTAGE, AND BEFORE
SURRENDERING, MURDERED THEM.
OCTOBER, 1985:
FORCE 17 MURDERED TWO ISRAELI MERCHANT SEAMEN IN BARCELONA.
FEBRUARY, 1986:
FORCE 17 CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR A BUS BOMBING IN ISRAEL THAT
WOUNDED SIX.
JULY, 1986:
FATAH OPERATIVES BELONGING TO THE HAWARI ORGANIZATION WERE
ARRESTED IN MOROCCO WHILE PLANNING A TERRORIST OPERATION.
SEPTEMBER, 1986:
AN ISRAELI CITIZEN WAS STABBED TO DEATH IN A MARKET IN GAZA. FORCE
17 CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ATTACK.
FEBRUARY, 1987:
NINE PEOPLE WERE INJURED BY A BOMB ABOARD A BUS ENROUTE TO
JERUSALEM FROM HAIFA. FORCE 17 CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY.
JULY, 1987:
FORCE 17 CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR A BUS BOMBING IN ISRAEL THAT
INJURED TWO PEOPLE.
JULY, 1987:
AN ANTI-ARAFAT CARTOONIST WAS MURDERED IN LONDON. FORCE 17 HAS
BEEN IMPLICATED IN THE ATTACK.
MARCH, 1988:
A BUS WAS HIJACKED BETWEEN BEERSHEBA AND DIMONA, ISRAEL. THREE
PASSENGERS WERE KILLED BEFORE ISRAELI SECURITY FORCES STORMED THE
BUS. FORCE 17 CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY.
OCTOBER, 1990:
THREE ISRAELIS WERE STABBED TO DEATH AND ONE WAS WOUNDED. PERSONS
CLAIMING TO REPRESENT FORCE SEVENTEEN AS WELL AS THE PALESTINIAN
ISLAMIC JIHAD CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY.
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PLEASE NOTE THAT FURTHER INFORMATION ON FATAH TERRORIST OPERATIONS MAY BE
FOUND IN THE PROFILES OF VARIOUS FATAH SURROGATES SUCH AS FORCE 17.
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THE ABOVE INFORMATION WAS DERIVED FROM MULTIPLE STATE DEPARTMENT, DEPARTMENT
OF DEFENSE, AND PUBLIC MEDIA SOURCE DOCUMENTS.